Diyarbakır Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape
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How it came to be
Diyarbakır in south-eastern Turkey stands on an escarpment above the upper Tigris, and it has been an important centre from Hellenistic times through the Roman, Sasanian, Byzantine, Islamic and Ottoman periods. As the Roman city of Amida, its walls were greatly enlarged in 349 on the orders of the emperor Constantius II.
The walls are 5.8 kilometres long and carry 63 inscriptions from different periods. After an Abbasid caliph had parts of them pulled down in 899, the north and south gates were rebuilt in 909. In 1208-1209 the Artuqids added two towers to the southern wall, decorated with Arabic inscriptions and carved animals. Ottoman cannon damaged the walls in 1515, and they were rebuilt.
Below the walls, the Hevsel Gardens run down to the Tigris and supplied the city with food and water. Part of the walls was demolished in 1930. In 2015 the inner citadel, the walls, the gardens and the Ten-Eyed Bridge were inscribed.
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