Kujataa
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How it came to be
Kujataa is a farming landscape at the edge of the ice cap in southern Greenland, made up of five components. Late in the 10th century Norse settlers from Iceland, led by Erik the Red, arrived and set up farms at the heads of its deep fjords. It is regarded as the earliest introduction of farming to the Arctic.
At Brattahlíð, Erik's estate and today's Qassiarsuk, building work for a school in 1961 uncovered a small church with 144 burials around it. Garðar, now Igaliku, was the seat of a bishop, and at its 13th-century peak the Eastern Settlement had 200 to 300 farms. A wedding held at Hvalsey church in 1408 is the last recorded event of Norse Greenland.
By the 15th century the Norse farms had disappeared, and farming stopped for several centuries. In the 1780s an Inuk woman, Tuperna, and her Norwegian husband, Anders Olsen, began farming at Igaliku on the site of the medieval bishop's residence, and the land has been farmed ever since. It was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 2017.
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