Arslantepe
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How it came to be
Arslantepe is a mound about 30 metres high on the Malatya plain in eastern Turkey, some 15 kilometres from the right bank of the Euphrates. People lived here from at least the 6th millennium BC to the late Roman period.
It flourished most in the Late Chalcolithic of the 4th millennium BC, when the so-called palace complex was built. Linked with the Uruk civilisation, it shows the first emergence of state-like society in the Near East. Among its metal weapons are the earliest swords known in the world.
In the Late Bronze Age it was a frontier town between the Mitanni and the Hittites, conquered by the Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I around 1350 BC. It later became the capital of a Neo-Hittite state until the Assyrian king Sargon II sacked it in 712 BC. A Sapienza University of Rome team has excavated it since 1961, and it was inscribed in 2021.
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