Old Quebec
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How it came to be
In 1608 the French explorer Samuel de Champlain chose the heights of Cap Diamant for Fort Saint-Louis and built a habitation in the Lower Town below; its remains lie near today's Place Royale. Quebec became the capital of New France.
The city has two parts, the Upper Town on the cape and the Lower Town around Place Royale and the harbour, linked by a funicular. In the Lower Town the church of Notre-Dame-des-Victoires was begun in 1687 and finished in 1723. Quebec is the only city in North America that has kept its ramparts.
The district declined in the 1950s, but in 1963 the province of Quebec declared it a historic district, and in 1964 it was extended to 135 hectares with about 1,400 buildings. It was inscribed on 3 December 1985.
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