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Auschwitz
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How it came to be
In April 1940, SS chief Heinrich Himmler approved a camp on the edge of Oświęcim in German-occupied Poland. Rudolf Höss became commandant, and on 14 June 1940 the first mass transport of 728 Polish political prisoners arrived from Tarnów.
Construction of Birkenau began in October 1941, and from 1942 to 1944 it was the main site of mass murder. At least 1.1 million of the roughly 1.3 million people deported there were killed, most of them Jews. Soviet troops liberated the camp on 27 January 1945.
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