Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
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How it came to be
Edward I of England (reigned 1272-1307) built castles and walled towns in the former principality of Gwynedd in north Wales to settle and defend it. Work began in 1283.
The castles were designed by James of St George (c. 1230-1309), the king's chief architect, who was also constable of Harlech from 1290 to 1293. The rising of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294 held the work up, and Caernarfon was not finished until 1330 and Beaumaris until 1331.
The four castles of Beaumaris, Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy, with the walled towns of Caernarfon and Conwy, were inscribed in 1986.
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