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Alto Douro Wine Region
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How it came to be
Wine has been made in the upper Douro valley of northern Portugal for about 2,000 years, and from the mid-12th century three Cistercian monasteries shaped its winemaking. The Marão and Montemuro mountains shelter the valley from Atlantic winds, and terraces were cut into its steep slopes.
The vineyards spread in the 17th century, and the earliest known mention of Port wine dates from 1675. A royal charter of 10 September 1756 fixed the boundaries of the Port wine region, making it the first formally demarcated wine region in the world.
Phylloxera struck in 1863, and the vineyards were rebuilt in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as long, regular terraces. The landscape of some 24,600 hectares of terraced vineyards and 18th-century churches was inscribed in 2001.
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