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San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano
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How it came to be
Tradition holds that in 301 a stonemason named Marinus, fleeing Roman persecution of Christians, settled on Mount Titano and founded a Christian community there. The republic took shape as a city-state by the 13th century and has stayed independent since.
Three towers stand on the ridge: Guaita from the 11th century, Cesta from the 13th and Montale from the 14th. Cesare Borgia occupied San Marino for six months in 1503, and Cardinal Alberoni seized it in 1739–40, but both times its independence was restored.
The Statutes of 1600 remain at the core of its constitution. Walls and towers were restored under Gino Zani in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and some 55 ha were listed by UNESCO in 2008.
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