Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
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How it came to be
Kotor lies at the inner end of the Bay of Kotor on Montenegro's Adriatic coast, ringed by mountains nearly 1,500 metres high. Known in Roman times as Acruvium or Ascrivium, it is first mentioned in 168 BC. In 535 the Byzantine emperor Justinian built a fortress above the town.
The Cathedral of Saint Tryphon was built in 1166, and Stefan Nemanja of Serbia conquered the town in 1185. From 1420 to 1797 Kotor belonged to the Republic of Venice, serving as one of its bridgeheads on the southern Adriatic, with renowned schools of masonry, icon painting and goldsmithing. Walls 4.5 km long climb the mountainside behind the town.
Earthquakes nearly destroyed Kotor in 1563 and 1667, and another in 1979 badly damaged many monuments. The region was inscribed that same year on both the World Heritage List and the danger list, and after restoration carried out with UNESCO's help it came off the danger list in 2003. Tourism development and coastal construction are now the main pressures.
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