Ciudad Universitaria
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How it came to be
Mexico's National University reopened in 1910 and gained autonomy in 1929 after the Revolution, taking its present name, the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Its buildings were scattered across the historic centre of Mexico City, and a university city had been planned since the 1920s. In 1943 it was decided to move to the Pedregal de San Ángel near Coyoacán, south of the city, a field of lava left by the eruption of the Xitle volcano around 100 CE.
The master plan, by Mario Pani and Enrique del Moral, came out of an architectural competition. It applied the principles of the Modern Movement while drawing on local materials and pre-Hispanic urbanism, and it built murals and other works of art into the buildings. More than 60 architects, engineers and artists took part. Construction began in 1949, the campus opened in 1952, and classes started there in 1954.
David Alfaro Siqueiros painted the murals of the Rectorate Tower and Juan O'Gorman covered all four sides of the Central Library. The Olympic Stadium, built in 1952, was the main stadium of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics. The central campus was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 2007.
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