Mohenjo-daro
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How it came to be
Mohenjo-daro lies on the right bank of the Indus, about 510 km northeast of Karachi. Built of unbaked brick around 2500 BC by the Indus civilisation, it was a planned city with a raised citadel to the west and a lower town of streets meeting at right angles to the east.
The citadel held the Great Bath, 12 m long, 7 m wide and 2.4 m deep, sealed with bitumen. The city was abandoned around 1700 BC, and in the 2nd century AD a Buddhist stupa was built on the ruins.
R. D. Banerji of the Archaeological Survey of India recognised the site's age in 1919–20, and major digs began in the 1920s. Excavation was halted in the mid-1960s because of weathering damage, and UNESCO listed the site in 1980. Salt from rising groundwater still threatens the foundations.
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