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Tràng An
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How it came to be
Trang An is a limestone karst landscape at the southern edge of the Red River delta in Ninh Binh Province, northern Viet Nam. About five million years of uplift and erosion produced towers up to 200 m high and valleys enclosed by near-vertical cliffs. Some valleys are partly flooded and linked by underground waterways, a few of them navigable by small boat.
Excavations in the caves have found traces of human activity going back more than 30,000 years. The first inhabitants were seasonal hunter-gatherers who adapted to great changes of climate and environment, including repeated flooding by the sea after the last ice age. Occupation continued through the Neolithic and Bronze Ages into historical times.
In the 10th and 11th centuries Hoa Lu, an ancient capital of Viet Nam, was founded here. The property covers 6,226 ha across three protected areas, the Hoa Lu Ancient Capital, the Trang An-Tam Coc-Bich Dong Scenic Landscape and the Hoa Lu Special-Use Forest, and about 14,000 people live within it. It was inscribed in 2014.
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