Namhansanseong
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How it came to be
On Mount Namhansan, 25 km south-east of Seoul, stands a fortress city built as an emergency capital for the Joseon dynasty. Remains go back to the 7th century, but the fortress as it stands took shape in the early 17th century.
After the Yi Gwal rebellion of 1624 and the Later Jin invasion of 1627, King Injo ordered Yi Seo to build it, and Buddhist monk-soldiers recruited from all eight provinces built and defended the walls. The main circuit ran 7.545 km and could house about 4,000 people, and a temporary royal palace was added in 1626. When the Qing invaded in 1636, Injo took refuge here and held out for 47 days.
In the early 20th century, Korean righteous armies fought the Japanese here, and after the county office moved away in 1917 the fortress became a remote mountain village. It was made a provincial park in 1971, its walls and palace were restored, and it was inscribed in 2014.
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