Axum
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How it came to be
Aksum in northern Ethiopia rose as a royal capital around the 1st century AD, growing rich on trade between Rome and India through its Red Sea port of Adulis. From the reign of King Endubis in the late 3rd century it issued coins in gold, silver and bronze.
King Ezana converted to Christianity in the 4th century, and by about 340 his coins carried Christian symbols. In the stelae field one standing monolith rises more than 23 metres, while a 33-metre stele lies broken, thought to have fallen during erection.
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