Gorham's Cave complex
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How it came to be
On the eastern side of the Rock of Gibraltar, four sea-facing caves hold deposits left by Neanderthals over a long span of time. They hunted birds and marine animals for food and used bird feathers as ornaments.
In 1907 Captain A. Gorham of the Royal Munster Fusiliers found the cave by opening a fissure at the back of a sea cavern, and wrote his name and the date on the wall in lamp-black. John Waechter excavated from 1948, and Professor Clive Finlayson's team at the Gibraltar Museum carries the research on.
In 2012 a cross-hatched set of scratched lines thought to be at least 39,000 years old was found on a ledge about 100 metres inside the cave. Higher layers show that Phoenicians used the cave between the 8th and 3rd centuries BC. The complex was inscribed on 15 July 2016.
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