Gulangyu
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How it came to be
Kulangsu, or Gulangyu, is a small island at the mouth of the Chiu-lung River, facing the city of Xiamen across a strait 600 m wide. After the First Opium War, the Treaty of Nanking opened Xiamen as a treaty port in 1843, and foreign residents settled on the island and formed an informal organisation to run it.
In January 1902 the consuls of Britain, the United States, Germany, France, Spain, Japan and other countries signed a charter fixing the island's limits, and in January 1903 a municipal council was set up to run it as an international settlement. Consulates, churches, hospitals and schools followed, mixing Chinese, South-East Asian and European building traditions. Among the 931 historic buildings on the island a new style emerged, known as Amoy Deco.
When Japanese forces occupied Xiamen in 1938, large numbers of Chinese refugees fled to the island. Kulangsu has never been linked to Xiamen by road and is reached only by ferry. It was inscribed in 2017.
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