Dholavira
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How it came to be
Dholavira, on Khadir island in the Rann of Kutch in western India, is a Harappan city that flourished from the 3rd to the middle of the 2nd millennium BCE. It is the sixth largest of more than 1,000 known Harappan sites and was lived in for over 1,500 years.
Walls enclosed a castle, a middle town and a lower town, with a cemetery to the west. Unlike Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, most of its buildings were made of stone rather than brick. Large reservoirs stored rainwater and water diverted from two nearby streams in a land where years can pass without rain.
In the early 1960s Shambhudan Gadhvi, a resident of the village, noticed the ruins and tried to bring them to the government's attention. J. P. Joshi of the Archaeological Survey of India recorded the site in the late 1960s, and excavation began in 1989 under R. S. Bisht, with 13 field seasons up to 2005. The city was inscribed in 2021.
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