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Anticosti

WHC 1686Inscribed 202349.54°N 63.25°W

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Timeline
3000 BCEFrom 1534Today

How it came to be

Anticosti, in the Gulf of St Lawrence, is the largest island in Quebec. Its rocks form a continuous sedimentary sequence more than 2,000 m thick, the most complete Ordovician and Silurian strata in eastern North America. In them lies a fossil record of the first mass extinction of animal life, 447 to 437 million years ago, covering 10 million years. On thousands of broad bedding surfaces, shelled and sometimes soft-bodied animals that lived on the floor of a shallow tropical sea can be seen.

In 1534 the French explorer Jacques Cartier sailed along its coast. In 1680 Louis XIV granted Louis Jolliet the seigneury of the Mingan Archipelago and Anticosti as a reward for his explorations of the Mississippi and Hudson Bay, and Jolliet settled on the island with his family the following year. Under the Treaty of Paris of 1763 the island became part of British North America.

In 1895 the French chocolate maker Henri Menier bought Anticosti for $125,000, built the village of Port-Menier and released 220 white-tailed deer for hunting; their descendants now number more than 160,000. The government of Quebec bought the island in 1974. On 19 September 2023 the island's entire coastline, except the area around Port-Menier, and the banks of the Jupiter and Vauréal rivers were inscribed.

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