Djemila
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How it came to be
During the reign of Nerva (96-98) the Roman colony of Cuicul was founded on a rocky spur 900 m above sea level. Its first settlers were Roman soldiers from Italy. Set between two wadis, the town had its own senate and forum and grew rich on grain and olives.
In the early 3rd century the town spread beyond its walls. Under Caracalla part of the old ramparts came down to make room for a new forum, and the Arch of Caracalla went up in 216. The Temple of the Gens Septimia (229) and a theatre seating 3,000 followed.
Christianity spread in the 4th century, and by the 5th an ecclesiastical quarter with three basilicas and a baptistery had been built. Bishops of Cuicul attended the councils of Carthage in 255, 348 and 411. The town was slowly abandoned in the 5th and 6th centuries; the Muslims who later ruled the region called it Djémila but did not resettle it. Excavations began in 1909, and the site was inscribed in 1982.
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