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Hanseatic City of Lübeck
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How it came to be
Lübeck, on the Baltic coast of northern Germany, was founded in 1143 by Adolf II, Count of Schauenburg, on an island in the river Trave. After a fire in 1157, Henry the Lion acquired the site in 1159 and rebuilt the town, and in 1226 Emperor Frederick II made it a free imperial city answerable only to the emperor.
On the trade routes between the North Sea and the Baltic, it was one of the principal cities of the Hanseatic League from 1230 to 1535, its Queen City. Lübeck law was adopted by more than 100 towns around the Baltic. Hanseatic diets met here from the mid-14th century, the last in 1669.
The old town keeps 15th- and 16th-century merchants' houses, churches, salt storehouses and the brick Holstentor gate. About 20 per cent of the city was destroyed in the Second World War, including damage to the cathedral and St Mary's. The old town was inscribed in 1987.
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