Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture
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How it came to be
On Ibiza, Phoenicians made their first settlement at Sa Caleta in the 8th century BC. In the 6th century BC its people moved to the hill now occupied by Dalt Vila, the upper town. The Puig des Molins cemetery covers more than 5 ha and holds more than 5,000 graves from the Punic, Roman and Islamic periods.
Pottery, terracotta figurines and ostrich eggs from the graves show trade with Phoenician, Greek, Egyptian and other sites. The island was conquered by Muslims in 902 and taken for the Crown of Aragon in 1235. Between 1554 and 1585 the Italian engineers Giovanni Battista Calvi and Jacobo Paleazzo Fratin built new walls around Dalt Vila, and these fortifications influenced Spanish forts in the Americas.
In 1999 Dalt Vila, Sa Caleta, Puig des Molins and the surrounding sea were inscribed as a mixed cultural and natural World Heritage site. Most of its 9,020 ha is sea, including some of the best-conserved Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean.
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