Delos
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How it came to be
Delos is a rocky island of about 350 hectares in the Cyclades, in the middle of the Aegean. In Greek myth Leto, pregnant by Zeus and fleeing Hera, gave birth to Apollo and Artemis here. People lived on the island in the 3rd millennium BC, and a sanctuary of Apollo existed by the 9th century BC at the latest.
Shortly before 600 BC the Naxians dedicated the Terrace of the Lions, a row of marble guardian lions. The Delian League, founded in 478 BC, kept its common treasury on Delos until Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC. After Rome made Delos a free port in the 2nd century BC, eastern Mediterranean trade concentrated here, and merchants and bankers built houses with frescoes and mosaic floors.
Mithridates VI of Pontus attacked the island in 88 BC, and pirates allied with him raided it again in 69 BC. Delos declined and was abandoned, then served as a quarry, its temple columns burned for lime. Because no later town was built over the ruins, excavations running since the late 19th century have uncovered the sanctuary and much of the Hellenistic town.
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