Old City of Zamość
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How it came to be
Zamość in southeastern Poland was founded in 1580 by Jan Zamoyski, Chancellor and Hetman, commander of the army. It stood on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea and was planned on Italian theories of the ideal city. The architect who designed and built it was Bernardo Morando, a native of Padua.
Morando built the collegiate church (1587–1598) and the town was ringed with fortifications. In 1594 Zamoyski founded the Zamoyski Academy. Jewish settlement was allowed in 1588, first by Sephardi Jews. The fortress withstood a Cossack siege under Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648 and a Swedish siege in 1656.
In the First Partition of Poland in 1772 the town passed to the Habsburgs, and later to Russian-ruled Congress Poland. The fortress was demolished in 1866, letting the town grow beyond its walls. During the Second World War Nazi Germany planned to expel the people of the region and settle Germans, and renamed the town Himmlerstadt. The old town, which keeps its original street plan and many original buildings, was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1992.
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