Ujung Kulon National Park
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How it came to be
The Ujung Kulon peninsula at the south-western tip of Java, in Banten province, holds the largest remaining lowland rainforest on the Java plain. It became known in the West through an expedition by the botanist Franz Junghuhn in 1846.
In 1883 the nearby volcano Krakatau erupted and killed 36,000 people. A tsunami reported as 15 metres high destroyed the peninsula's settlements, which were never fully rebuilt, and the forest was covered by an average of 30 centimetres of ash, though it recovered quickly.
Under the Dutch East Indies, Panaitan Island became a nature reserve in 1921 and, with Peucang Island, a wildlife sanctuary in 1937. The area was inscribed in 1991 and declared a national park in 1992. It holds what is believed to be the last viable wild population of the Javan rhinoceros, about 60 animals.
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