Kluane / Wrangell – St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek
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How it came to be
Spanning Yukon and British Columbia in Canada and Alaska in the United States, this site holds the largest non-polar icefield in the world and some of its largest and longest glaciers. Within it are Mount Logan, at 5,959 metres the highest peak in Canada and second in North America, and the Malaspina, the largest piedmont glacier on Earth. At Glacier Bay, traces of people about 10,000 years old have been found just outside the park, and two Tlingit ancestral homelands lie within it.
In 1794 Glacier Bay was almost entirely covered by a single great tidewater glacier. When the naturalist John Muir came in 1879, the ice had retreated about 77 km up the bay, and by 1916 it stood about 105 km from the mouth, the fastest glacial retreat on record. Muir's writing drew the ecologist William Skinner Cooper, who campaigned for its protection, and on 26 February 1925 President Calvin Coolidge proclaimed Glacier Bay a national monument.
On the Canadian side Kluane was set aside as a national park reserve in 1972; on the American side Wrangell–St. Elias became a national monument on 1 December 1978 and a national park in 1980. The site was inscribed in 1979 and extended in 1992 and 1994, making it, at more than 9.8 million hectares, the largest transboundary protected area in the world. Tatshenshini-Alsek Provincial Park is managed with the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations.
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