Lushan Quaternary Glaciation National Geopark
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How it came to be
Mount Lu rises in Jiangxi province between the Yangtze River and Poyang Lake. Human activity here goes back at least to the Neolithic, around 4000 BC. In 386 the monk Huiyuan founded the Donglin (East Grove) Temple at the foot of the mountain, the starting point of Pure Land Buddhism. Daoist temples followed, and Lushan became a meeting place of Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism.
The White Deer Grotto Academy, founded in 940, was revived in the late 12th century by the philosopher Zhu Xi and became a renowned centre of learning. More than 900 inscriptions are carved on cliffs and stone tablets, the tablets ranging from about 1050 to 1938, when words were cut to encourage the army fighting the Japanese. The Song poet Su Shi wrote that he could not see the true face of Lushan because he stood inside the mountain.
In 1895 the missionary Edward Little and others founded the hill resort of Kuling on the mountain, and Chinese and foreign visitors built villas there; more than 600 survive. In the 1930s and 1940s Lushan was the official summer capital of the Republic of China, and after 1949 the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party met here under Mao Zedong at least three times. Lushan National Park was inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1996.
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