Hospicio Cabañas
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How it came to be
The Hospicio Cabañas takes its name from Juan Ruiz de Cabañas, appointed Bishop of Guadalajara in 1796. In 1810 he founded it to combine a workhouse, hospital, orphanage and almshouse, caring for orphans, the elderly, the disabled and the chronically ill. He engaged Manuel Tolsá, an architect working in Mexico City, to design it.
The buildings form a rectangle of 164 by 145 m, single-storey ranges 7.5 m high around 23 courtyards, all on one level 'so as to facilitate the movement of the sick, the aged, and children'. The chapel on the central axis is twice as high, with a dome rising to 32.5 m. After Cabañas died in 1823, building went on until 1829.
The complex served for a time as barracks in the mid-19th century, but it worked as a hospice until 1980, when the Cabañas Cultural Institute moved in. The chapel holds 57 frescoes by José Clemente Orozco, and his Man of Fire (1936 to 1939) in the dome is among his most famous works. The Hospicio was inscribed in 1997.
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