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Medieval Town of Toruń
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How it came to be
Toruń lies on the Vistula in northern Poland. In spring 1231 the Teutonic Knights, together with Masovian knights, crossed the river and built a fort near today's village of Stary Toruń. On 28 December 1233 Hermann von Salza and Hermann Balk of the Order signed town charters for Toruń and Chełmno. Because of frequent flooding, the town moved in 1236 to the site of the present Old Town.
From the mid-13th century the Order built a castle here as a base for the conquest and conversion of Prussia. A New Town for craftsmen was founded next to the old one in 1264, and the town joined the Hanseatic League. In the 14th and 15th centuries brick Gothic buildings such as St John's Cathedral and the Town Hall went up.
In February 1454 the townspeople rose against the Order, took the castle and pulled it down. The Thirteen Years' War that followed ended with the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, in which the Order gave up its claims and recognised the town as part of Poland. Nicolaus Copernicus was born here in 1473. The Old Town, the New Town and the castle ruins were inscribed as a World Heritage site in 1997.
Data: Wikidata (CC0). Photos: Wikimedia Commons, under each photo’s license. Prototype; may contain errors. We measure usage anonymously to improve the app (PostHog, EU).