Mountain Railways of India
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How it came to be
Three railways were built up into the mountains of India in the 19th and early 20th centuries to reach hill stations. The first, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, was begun in 1879 and by 1881 linked New Jalpaiguri with Darjeeling over 88.48 kilometres of 2-foot gauge track, climbing with six zigzag reverses and three loops.
The Nilgiri Mountain Railway in the south was first proposed in 1854, begun in 1891 and completed in 1908. It climbs from 326 to 2,203 metres and is India's only rack railway. In the north, the Kalka-Shimla Railway runs about 96 kilometres to the hill station of Shimla.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was inscribed in 1999, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was added in 2005 and the Kalka-Shimla Railway in 2008.
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