Old city (Dubrovnik)
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How it came to be
Dubrovnik, long known as Ragusa, probably dates from the 7th century. According to the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Constantine VII, it was founded on a rocky island by refugees from Epidaurum to the south. After a fire in 1296 a new town plan was laid out, and the Treaty of Zadar of 1358 ended Venetian rule.
The Republic of Ragusa grew rich on sea trade and diplomacy, peaking in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its walls run almost 2 km around the city and are 4 to 6 metres thick on the landward side. The earthquake of 1667 killed more than 5,000 people and brought down most public buildings. The republic was abolished in 1808.
The Old City was inscribed in 1979. During the seven-month siege by the Yugoslav People's Army that began in 1991, the walled city took 650 artillery hits, and it was on the List of World Heritage in Danger from 1991 to 1998. Repairs followed the original style, with most of the work done between 1995 and 1999.
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