Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba
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How it came to be
The Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba are a group of Jesuit buildings in Córdoba province, central Argentina. The first Jesuits reached Córdoba in 1599 and founded a university there in 1613. One city block gathered the church, the priests' residence, the university and the Colegio de Montserrat, and it served as the seat of the Jesuit Province of Paraguay.
To pay for this work, the order set up estancias, farming and ranching estates, across the province, from Caroya in 1616 to La Candelaria in 1683. They raised cattle and grew fruit and crops. Each had a church, a priests' residence, quarters for enslaved and Indigenous workers, mills and irrigation channels, and at Alta Gracia a town grew up around the estate.
In 1767 King Charles III of Spain expelled the Jesuits, and the Franciscans took over the properties. That ended an experiment in religion, society and economy that had run for more than 150 years. The buildings were declared national historic monuments in 1938 and inscribed as a World Heritage site in 2000.
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